Leiden is a charming and historic city in the western Netherlands, situated between Amsterdam and The Hague. Known as the “City of Discoveries,” Leiden is famous for its rich academic heritage, as it is home to the country’s oldest university, Leiden University. The city’s picturesque canals, stunning architecture, and vibrant cultural scene make it a fantastic destination for travelers. As the birthplace of renowned painter Rembrandt van Rijn and a hub of Dutch history, Leiden offers an ideal mix of art, history, and a lively atmosphere. Whether you’re strolling along the canals, exploring world-class museums, or simply enjoying the local cafes, Leiden is a city that captivates visitors with its unique charm and history.
The History of Leiden
Leiden has a rich and eventful history, playing a crucial role in the Dutch struggle for independence. One of the most significant events in Leiden’s past is the Siege of Leiden (1573-1574) during the Eighty Years’ War against Spanish rule. The city endured a brutal siege by Spanish forces but was ultimately relieved on October 3, 1574, when Dutch rebels broke the dikes, flooding the surrounding fields and allowing ships to bring food and reinforcements to the starving city. This victory is celebrated annually on Leidens Ontzet (Relief of Leiden) with festivities, traditional hutspot stew, and a citywide fair.
In gratitude for the city’s bravery, William of Orange granted Leiden the right to establish a university in 1575, leading to the founding of Leiden University, the oldest in the Netherlands. The university became a center of knowledge, attracting scholars from across Europe and contributing to Leiden’s reputation as a city of learning and innovation.
How to Get to Leiden
Leiden is conveniently located between Amsterdam and The Hague, making it easily accessible by various modes of transport:
- By Train: The fastest and most convenient way to reach Leiden is by train. Direct trains from Amsterdam Centraal take around 35 minutes, from Schiphol Airport about 15 minutes, and from The Hague around 15 minutes.
- By Car: If you’re driving, Leiden is easily reachable via the A4 or A44 motorways. However, parking in the city center can be limited, so using park-and-ride facilities is advisable.
- By Bus: Regional buses connect Leiden with surrounding towns and cities, providing an affordable travel option.
- By Bike: If you’re already in the Netherlands, cycling to Leiden can be an enjoyable way to experience the scenic Dutch landscape.
What to See in Leiden
Leiden boasts a wealth of attractions that cater to all kinds of travelers. Here are some of the must-visit places:
1. Rijksmuseum van Oudheden (National Museum of Antiquities)
History enthusiasts will love this museum, which showcases fascinating artifacts from ancient Egypt, Rome, and the Netherlands’ own archaeological past.
2. Hortus Botanicus
Founded in 1590, Leiden’s botanical garden is one of the oldest in the world. It features an impressive collection of exotic plants, including rare orchids and the famous Leiden tulips.
3. Leiden University and the Academy Building
As the oldest university in the Netherlands, Leiden University has a rich history and beautiful architecture. The Academy Building is an iconic landmark worth visiting.
4. Pieterskerk (St. Peter’s Church)
This historic church, dating back to the 14th century, is an architectural marvel and is associated with the Pilgrims who later sailed to America.
5. Molen de Valk (The Valk Windmill)
This traditional Dutch windmill offers a glimpse into the country’s milling history and provides a fantastic view from the top.
6. Museum de Lakenhal
Art lovers should visit this museum, which houses works from the Dutch Golden Age, including paintings by Rembrandt and other Dutch masters.
7. Rembrandt-Related Sites in Leiden
Leiden is the birthplace of Rembrandt van Rijn, one of the most famous painters of the Dutch Golden Age. Born in 1606, Rembrandt spent his early years in the city, studying at Leiden University before pursuing an artistic career. He trained under local painter Jacob van Swanenburgh and developed his distinctive style in Leiden before moving to Amsterdam. Many of the city’s sites, including Rembrandt’s Birthplace (Weddesteeg) and the Young Rembrandt Studio, celebrate his legacy and provide insight into his formative years as an artist
- Rembrandt’s Birthplace (Weddesteeg): Visit the location where Rembrandt was born in 1606. Though his original house no longer stands, a plaque marks this historic spot.
- Young Rembrandt Studio: Located in a 17th-century house, this attraction provides an immersive experience into Rembrandt’s early years and artistic development in Leiden.
- Rembrandt Bridge: A picturesque wooden bridge over the Rhine, named in honor of the artist and offering a great spot for photography.
- Wall Poems of Leiden: Throughout the city, you can find poetry and artworks, including tributes to Rembrandt’s legacy, decorating historic buildings.
8. The Canals of Leiden
A boat tour along Leiden’s canals is a wonderful way to experience the city’s charm, passing under historic bridges and past stunning gabled houses.
9. Burcht van Leiden (Leiden Castle)
Offering panoramic views of the city, this medieval fortress is one of Leiden’s oldest structures and a great spot for history buffs.
Final Thoughts
Leiden is a captivating city that offers something for everyone. Whether you’re a history lover, an art enthusiast, or just looking for a picturesque Dutch city to explore, Leiden won’t disappoint. With its easy accessibility and rich cultural heritage, it makes for a perfect day trip or weekend getaway from Amsterdam or The Hague. So, pack your bags and discover the magic of Leiden!